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William
Milsom
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Head
of Zoology, Professor
BSc Hons (University
of Alberta)
MSc (University of Washington)
PhD (University of British
Columbia)
Contact Info:
Department
of Zoology
University of British Columbia
6270 University Blvd.
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada, V6T 1Z4
Tel: (604) 822-2310
FAX: (604) 822-2416
milsom@zoology.ubc.ca
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Community
of Science CV
Most
Recent Contribution
Research
Program
Recent Works
Sample
Publications
Life
In The Cold Conference Pictures
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Research
Program - Comparative Neurobiology
of Respiration and Circulation
in Vertebrates
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Work
in my lab is directed at determining
the physiological basis of biodiversity
in vertebrates. What are the physiological
adaptations that individual species
possess that allow them to live
in different environments? In particular
we study respiratory, cardiovascular,
thermoregulatory and metabolic adaptations
for life in environments with low
/ high levels of oxygen, carbon
dioxide, temperature, food and water.
We are particularly interested in
the neural control of these processes
and their function in unanesthetized,
freely behaving animals.
Many of the projects currently underway
in my laboratory are described on
the individual homepages of my fellows
and students. Take a look at them
- they're great. Listed below are
other projects as well as collaborative
research ventures with which my
students and I are also involved.
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Recent
Projects
Regulation
of cardio-respiratory
reflexes in fish
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Fish
flourish in a wide variety
of habitats which differ
extensively in temperature
and levels of oxygen,
carbon dioxide and various
minerals and ions. To
understand the physiological
basis of biodiversity
and the different capacities
of various species of
fish to cope with environmental
change (global warming,
acid rain, etc.), there
is an acute need to understand
just what different species
can sense and respond
to in an adaptive way.
What types of receptors
do fish possess? What
exactly do they monitor?
Where are the receptor
sites? How sensitive are
these receptors? What
physiological reflexes
do they elicit? To what
extent do these factors
vary between species adapted
to live in different environments?
We are attempting to answer
these questions using
a multi-species approach
to examine the cardiorespiratory
physiology of marine and
fresh water fish that
are hypoxia tolerant and
hypoxia intolerant as
well as of fish that employ
aquatic surface respiration,
facultative air breathing
and obligate air breathing.
This
collaboration involves
colleagues from:
The Federal
University of Sao Carlos,
Sao Carlos, Brasil:
Dr. F. Tadeu Rantin,
Dr. Ana L. Kalinin, Luiz
Henrique Florindo, Jane
M Lopes, Cheila L. Boijink,
The University of Goteborg,
Goteborg, Sweden:
Dr. Lena Sundin
The University of Toronto
at Scarborough, Scarborough,
Ontario, Canada:
Dr. Steve Reid
The University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada:
Dr. Steve Perry
Carleton University, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada:
Dr. Katie Gilmour
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Physiological
adaptations of fish and
reptiles to seasonal changes
in the Pantanal
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 The
Pantanal is a complex
region within the basin
of the Paraguay River,
in the Brasilian states
of Mato Grosso and Mato
Grosso do Sul. The region
is approximately 140,000
Km2
and its climate ranges
from an excessive rainfall
of more than 1200 mm,
between December and February,
to severe drought between
May and September. The
major stresses associated
with seasonal change differ
somewhat for aquatic and
terrestrial animals in
the Pantanal. For the
fishes, the summer flooding
inundates a significant
portion of the vast floodplain
while the dry winter period
results in declining water
levels in rivers and streams
leading to the isolation
and stagnation of standing
bodies of water. As the
water level is reduced
there are complex changes
in temperature and the
levels of dissolved oxygen
, carbon dioxide, pH,
methane, hydrogen sulfide
and osmolites. These changes
can profoundly affect
respiratory gas exchange,
acid-base regulation,
and osmoregulation. These
immediate physiological
disturbances will, in
turn, affect metabolism,
growth and reproductive
processes in fish. For
the terrestrial vertebrates,
the winter dry period
leads to food and water
restrictions as well as
decreasing ambient temperature.
Reductions in each pose
severe restrictions for
metabolic processes but
the organisms must match
the supply of metabolites
(oxygen, water and nutrients)
to metabolic demands if
they are to survive.
This
collaboration involves
colleagues from:
The Universidade
Estadual Paulista -
Rio Claro, Rio Claro
Brasil: Dr.
Augusto Abe, Dr. Denis
Andrade, Dr. Ariovaldo
Cruz-Neto
The Universidade Federal
do Mato Grosso do Sul,
Campo Grande, Brasil:
Dr. Masao Uetanabaro,
Dr. Otavio Froelich,
Cynthia Almeida Prado
Aarhus
University, Aarhus,
Denmark: Dr.
Tobias Wang
The University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark:
Dr. John Steffensen
The University of Birmingham,
Birmingham, United Kingdom:
Dr. Ted Taylor
The University of Jena,
Bonn, Germany:
Dr. Matthias Starck
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Sample Publications
The
following list highlights the variety
of research carried out in my lab
in the recent past. For a complete
list of my publications, see Community
of Science CV.
To
view the following PDF files, you
will require Acrobat Reader
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Milsom,
WK, Andrade, DU, Brito, SP, Toledo,
LF, Wang,T, and Abe, AS 2005. Seasonal
changes in daily metabolic patterns
of tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae)
placed in the cold (17°C) and
dark. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. (Submitted).
Koehle
MS, Sheel AW, Milsom WK, McKenzie
DC. 2007. Two patterns of daily
hypoxic exposure and their effects
on measures of chemosensitivity
in humans. J Appl Physiol. In
press.
Leite
CA, Florindo LH, Kalinin AL, Milsom
WK, Rantin FT. 2007. Gill chemoreceptors
and cardio-respiratory reflexes
in the neotropical teleost pacu,
Piaractus mesopotamicus. J Comp
Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural
Behav Physiol. 193:1001-1011. PDF
Scott
GR, Milsom WK. 2007. Control of
breathing and adaptation to high
altitude in the bar-headed goose.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
293:R379-391.PDF
Gargaglioni LH, Meier JT, Branco
LG, Milsom WK. 2007. Role of midbrain
in the control of breathing in anuran
amphibians. Am J Physiol Regul Integr
Comp Physiol. 293:R447-457.PDF
Milsom WK, Burleson ML. 2007. Peripheral
arterial chemoreceptors and the
evolution of the carotid body. Respir
Physiol Neurobiol. 157:4-11.PDF
Dodd GA, Scott GR, Milsom WK. 2007.
Ventilatory roll off during sustained
hypercapnia is gender specific in
pekin ducks. Respir Physiol Neurobiol.
156:47-60.PDF
Gargaglioni LH, Milsom WK. 2007.
Control of breathing in anuran amphibians.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr
Physiol. 147:665-684.PDF
Florindo LH, Leite CA, Kalinin
AL, Reid SG, Milsom WK, Rantin FT.
2006. The role of branchial and
orobranchial O2 chemoreceptors in
the control of aquatic surface respiration
in the neotropical fish tambaqui
(Colossoma macropomum): progressive
responses to prolonged hypoxia.
J Exp Biol. 209:1709-1715.PDF
Scott GR, Milsom WK. 2006. Flying
high: a theoretical analysis of
the factors limiting exercise performance
in birds at altitude. Respir Physiol
Neurobiol. 154:284-301.PDF
Tattersall GJ, de Andrade DV, Brito
SP, Abe AS, Milsom WK. 2006. Regulation
of ventilation in the caiman (Caiman
latirostris): effects of inspired
CO2 on pulmonary and upper airway
chemoreceptors. J Comp Physiol [B].
176:125-38. PDF
Lang CJ, Postle AD, Orgeig S, Possmayer
F, Bernhard W, Panda AK, Jurgens
KD, Milsom WK, Nag K, Daniels CB.
2005. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
is not the major surfactant phospholipid
species in all mammals. Am J Physiol
Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 289:R1426-1439.
PDF
Foster GE, McKenzie DC, Milsom
WK, Sheel AW. 2005. Effects of two
protocols of intermittent hypoxia
on human ventilatory, cardiovascular
and cerebral responses to hypoxia.
J Physiol. 567:689-699.PDF
Reid
SG, Perry SF, Gilmour KM, Milsom
WK and FT Rantin. 2005. Reciprocal
modulation of oxygen and carbon
dioxide cardiorespiratory chemoreflexes
in the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).
Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 146:175-194.PDF
Gilmour,
K.M., Milsom, W.K., Rantin, F.T.,
Reid, S.G. and S.F. Perry. 2005.
Cardiorespiratory responses to hypercarbia
in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum):
chemoreceptor orientation and specificity.
J. Exp. Biol. 208:1095-1107.
PDF
Borg
KA, Milsom WK and DR Jones. 2004.
The effect of O2
and CO2 on
the dive behaviour and heart rate
of lesser scaup ducks (Aythya affinis):
quantification of the critical PaO2
that initiates the diving bradycardia.
(Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 144:263-280.PDF
Zimmer
MB and WK Milsom. 2004. Effect of
hypothermia on respiratory rhythm
generation in hamster brainstem-spinal
cord preparations. Resp. Physiol.
Neurobiol. PDF
Tattersall
GJ, WK Milsom, AS Abe, SP Brito
and DV Andrade. 2004. The thermogenesis
of digestion in rattlesnakes. J.
Exp. Biol. 207(4): 579-85.PDF
de
Andrade DV, GJ Tattersall, SP Brito,
R Soncini, LG Branco, ML Glass,
AS Abe and WK Milsom. 2004. The
ventilatory response to environmental
hypercarbia in the South American
rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus.
J. Comp. Physiol. B. 174(4): 281-91.PDF
Harris,
MB and WK Milsom. 2003. Apneusis
follows disruption of NMDA-type
glutamate receptors in vagotomized
ground squirrels. Respir. Physiol.
Neurobiol. 134: 191-207. PDF
Tattersall,
G and WK Milsom. 2003. Hypothermia-induced
respiratory arrest and recovery
in neonatal rats. Respir. Physiol.
Neurobiol. 137: 29-40. PDF
Ormand,
CJ, S Orgeig, CB Daniels and WK
Milsom. 2003. Thermal acclimation
of surfactant secretion and its
regulation by adrenergic and cholinergic
agonists in type II cells isolated
from warm-active and torpid golden-mantled
ground squirrels, Spermophilus
lateralis. J.Exp. Biol. 206:
3031-3041. PDF
Reid,
SG, L Sundin, LH Florindo, FT Rantin
and WK Milsom. 2003. Effects of
afferent input on the breathing
pattern continuum in the tambaqui
(Colossoma macroponuum).
Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 136:
39-54. PDF
Tattersall,
GJ and WK Milsom. 2003. Transient
peripheral warming accompanies the
hypoxic metabolic response in the
golden-mantled ground squirrel.
J. Exp. Biol. 206: 33-42.
PDF
Rourke, BC, Y Yukoyama, YZ Wu, WK
Milsom and VJ Caiozzo. 2003. Myosin
isoform expression and MAFbx mRNA
levels in hibernating golden-mantled
ground squirrels (Spermophilus
lateralis). Am. J. Physiol.
PDF
Wang,
T, EW Taylor, SG Reid and WK Milsom.
2003. Interactive effects of mechano-
and chemo-receptor inputs on cardio-respiratory
outputs in the toad. Respir. Physiol.
(Accepted).
Milsom,
WK, SG Reid, FT Rantin and L Sundin.
2002. Extrabranchial
chemoreceptors involved in respiratory
reflexes in the neotropical fish
Colossoma macropomum (the
tambaqui). J. Exp.
Biol. 205: 1765-1774.
PDF
Barros,
RC, ME Zimmer, LGS Branco and WK
Milsom. 2001. The "hypoxic metabolic
response" of the golden-mantled
ground squirrel. Am. J. Physiol.
91: 603-612.
PDF
Sanders, CE
and WK Milsom. 2001. The effects
of tonic lung inflation on ventilation
in the American bullfrog, Rana
catesbeiana Shaw. J. Exp. Biol.
204: 2647-2656.
PDF
Harris
MB and WK Milsom. 2001. The influence
of NMDA receptor-mediated processes
on breathing pattern in ground squirrels.
Respir. Physiol. 125(3): 181-97.
PDF
Mitchell GS, FL Powell,
SR Hopkins and WK Milsom. 2001.
Time domains of the hypoxic ventilatory
response in awake ducks: episodic
and continuous hypoxia. Respir.
Physiol. 124(2): 117-28.
PDF
Sundin,
L, M Burleson, T Wang, S Reid, H
Selgado, A Abe, M Glass, and WK
Milsom. 2001. Pulmonary receptors
in reptiles: discharge patterns
of receptor populations in snakes
versus turtles. J. Comp. Physiol.
B. 171: 103-111.
Milsom, WK. 2000.
Breathless by choice. Biologist.
47(5): 239-242.
PDF
Reid
SG, JT Meier and WK Milsom. 2000.
The influence of descending inputs
on breathing pattern formation in
the isolated bullfrog brainstem-spinal
cord. Respir. Physiol. 120(3): 197-211.
PDF
Reid
SG, L Sundin, AL Kalinin, FT Rantin
and WK Milsom. 2000. Cardiovascular
and respiratory reflexes in the
tropical fish, traira (Hoplias
malabaricus): CO2/pH
chemoresponses. Respir. Physiol.
120(1): 47-59.
PDF
Sundin,
L, SG Reid, FT Rantin and WK
Milsom.
2000. Branchial
receptors and cardiorespiratory
reflexes in a neotropical fish,
the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).
J. Exp. Biol. 203: 1225-1239.
PDF
Gamperl,
AK, WK
Milsom,
AP Farrell and T Wang. 1999.
Cardiorespiratory
responses of the toad (Bufo
marinus) to hypoxia at
two different temperatures.
J. Exp. Biol. 202: 3647-3658.
PDF
Milsom,
WK, SG Reid, JT Meier and R Kinkead.
1999. Central respiratory pattern
generation in the bullfrog, Rana
catesbeiana. Comp. Biochem.
Physiol. A. 124: 253-264.
PDF
Powell, FL,
GS Mitchell and WK Milsom. 1998.
Frontiers in Respiration Physiology:
Time domains of the hypoxic ventilatory
response. Respir. Physiol. 112:
123-134.
PDF
Kinkead,
R, MB Harris, and WK
Milsom.
1997. The
role of the nucleus isthmi in respiratory
pattern formation in bullfrogs.
J. Exp. Biol. 200: 1781-1793.
PDF
Funk,
G, I Valenzuela and W
Milsom.
1997. Energetic
consequences of coordinating wingbeat
and respiratory rhythms in birds.
J. Exp. Biol. 200: 915-920.
PDF
Harris,
MB and WK
Milsom.
1996.
Parasympathetic influence on heart
rate in euthermic and hibernating
ground squirrels.
J. Exp. Biol. 198: 931-937.
PDF
Burlington,
RF and WK
Milsom.
1993. Differential
effects of acetylcholine on coronary
flow in isolated hypothermic hearts
from rats and ground squirrels.
J. Exp. Biol. 185: 17-24.
PDF
Funk,
GD, GN Sholomenko, IJ Valenzuela,
JD Steeves, and WK
Milsom.
1993. Coordination
of wing beat and respiration in
canada geese during free flight.
J. Exp. Biol. 175: 317-323.
PDF
For
a complete list of publications,
see Community
of Science CV
Last updated:
15 November, 2007
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