Question 1.  What is the effective size of a heard of 10 dairy cows and one bull?  What is it for 40 cows and 1 bull?  For 10 cows and 2 bulls?  What about X-Linked genes in these three cases?

autosomal 10 cows, 1 bull;

autosomal 40 cows, 1 bull;

autosomal 10 cows, 2 bulls;

x-linked 10 cows, 1 bull

x-linked 40 cows, 1 bull

x-linked 10 cows, 2 bulls

2. Construct the transition probability matrix when

The number of dimensions of a transition probability matrix = 2N+1. Therefore we will have a matrix with the dimensions 5x5.  For the matrix displayed below, remember that Indeterminate means 1!

b) N=3

The number of dimensions of a transition probability matrix = 2N+1. Therefore we will have a matrix with the dimensions 7x7! For the matrix displayed below, remember that Indeterminate means 1!